Bunions

A bunion is a deformity of the foot that causes a bump, usually at the first joint on the big toe. The “bump” is not the bunion, contrary to popular belief; rather, the bunion is the underlying condition that causes the bump to appear.

When a bunion forms, the big toe angles towards the smaller toes instead of remaining straight -- this change in direction of growth produces an abnormal bump on the outside of the foot, which oftentimes causes swelling and pain.

Bunion Causes

Bunions are largely caused by genetic imperfections in a foot, which make an individual more prone to developing a bunion. While bunions themselves are not an inherited trait, the predisposition to developing a bunion is. The likelihood of developing a bunion is multiplied when an individual wears tight-fitting shoes, especially those that leave insufficient room for their toes. For this reason, women, who are known to wear high-heeled shoes, are more likely than men to develop bunions.

Bunions may also develop in individuals who suffer from arthritis, or who have suffered foot-related injuries.

Bunion Symptoms

Bunion symptoms depend on how advanced a bunion is, but general symptoms include:

• Pain, redness or swelling around the big toe joint
• A visible “bump” on the outside of the big toe
• Limited or restricted movement of the big toe
• Ingrown toenails
• Calluses around the big toe or sores between toes
• Angling of the big toe toward the smaller toes

Bunion Treatment

If a bunion is relatively new and identified right away, simple monitoring and adjustments to your lifestyle or the introduction of orthotic shoes may help to minimize the progression into something worse. Other treatments for bunions can include:

• Medication - An anti-inflammatory, such as ibuprofen, may be prescribed to help alleviate some of the swelling or pain.
• Orthotics - Adding an orthotic insert into your shoes, either custom or pre-packaged, may help to minimize the growth of the bunion.
• Ice treatment - Applying ice to the bunion may be recommended to bring down the swelling and to help alleviate, or at least minimize, the pain.
• Padding - In some cases, padding can be placed over the bunion to help minimize pain.
• Surgery - If the bunion has become too painful, or makes it difficult to walk, surgery may be a consideration in these cases.

When To Seek Treatment

Because bunions can cause a significant amount of discomfort, and because if left untreated they can cause permanent damage to your toe’s joint, it is recommended that you have your foot examined by an ankle and foot specialist if you are noticing any of the symptoms of a bunion.

Our podiatrists specialize in treating bunions and their underlying causes, and we will work with you to determine the best route for you to take in your situation.